Almost 40 per cent of battery-powered smoke alarms failed to activate in residential fires in England in the past year – a level virtually unchanged in nearly a decade, the Local Government Association has revealed.

Latest figures show a fifth of mains-powered smoke alarms failed to operate in residential fires in 2018/19 – but this “failure rate” is almost double for battery-operated alarms and has stayed between 38 and 40 per cent since 2010/11.

Battery-powered alarms are routinely found in private rental property.

The LGA, which represents councils and all fire authorities in England and Wales, is urging people to test their smoke alarms regularly, but especially during the run-up to Christmas when festive decorations, candles and lighting pose a potentially greater fire risk.

Industry figures show that one in 10 homes do not have a working smoke alarm, while more than a fifth of households never test their smoke alarm.

This is despite experts calculating that people are around eight times more likely to die in a fire in a home with no working smoke alarm.

Missing or faulty batteries account for 20 per cent of battery-operated smoke alarms failing to activate. The main reason for a smoke alarm failing to activate is due to the fire not reaching the detector in 45 per cent of cases.

The LGA is urging people without a working smoke alarm to buy one and test it regularly to check it is working – and to do this for less able family members and neighbours, changing batteries where necessary to help keep them safe.

It is also advising people to fit more than one smoke detector in their homes, with at least one fitted on the ceiling of every floor.

Councillor Ian Stephens, chair of the LGA’s Fire Services Management Committee, says: “Smoke alarms are proven life-savers, but these worrying ‘failure’ rates are a reminder to people to test their smoke alarms regularly and change batteries where necessary.

“Smoke alarm ownership has risen over the years to more than 90 per cent, but this encouraging trend is being dangerously undermined if they don’t activate due to faulty batteries.

“With the increased potential fire risk from Christmas trees, decorations, candles and lighting, and people spending more time using heaters, open fires, and cooking hot food during the colder winter months, anyone without a smoke alarm should buy and fit one as soon as possible. They should also check the alarms of less able family members and those on their own – it may save their life.”

Source: https://www.lettingagenttoday.co.uk/breaking-news/2019/12/alarm-raised-about-increased-safety-risk-from-faulty-smoke-alarms

Oxford is trialling six pop-up electric vehicle (EV) charge points for residents who have no off-street parking.

The ‘UEone’ charge points are app-operated and retract underground when not in use in order to reduce street clutter. The trial will finish in February 2020.

Principal contractor Oxford Direct Services (ODS) has been involved since 2018 in the planning and consulting stages of the project led by Oxford City Council.

James Barrett, the electrician ODS assigned specifically for the project, designed the on-street electrical installation and worked closely with the pop-up charger product designers to help them meet new requirements on EV chargers.

In 2019, the highways team at ODS began ‘trial holes’ to find the best position for where the chargers would be housed. During early summer, the team excavated the pavement, and installed the chargers outer casing and ducting, whilst the electrical team pulled in the cables ready.

By the end of summer, the chargers were fully installed and the top surface of the pavement had been finished – ready to begin the trial.

Shaun Hatton, ODS’ director of operations, said: “We are delighted to have contributed to this pioneering project.

“Both our electrical department who designed, installed and commissioned the electrical installation; and, our highways department who prepared the infrastructure to welcome the chargers, have been outstanding in their delivery and made the company very proud.

“Our teams are looking forward to see this project succeed, together with partners, and thanks to Oxford City Council.

“It is our company’s work ethos to be intentional about innovation and doing good in our part of the world, so we are also looking forward to being part of more world-changing initiatives like this one.”

Councillor Tom Hayes, cabinet member for Zero Carbon Oxford, added: “Everything we do to tackle emissions has to be practical if it’s going to work. We‘ll only achieve our Zero Emission Zone and clean our dirty air if the city council supports drivers to replace older polluting vehicles with cleaner ones. That’s why it’s so important to have Oxford Direct Services furthering our values, in this case by helping to make our new pop-up electric vehicle chargers a reality.

“This is an exciting trial which will allow us to explore new electric vehicle charging options for residents and I am thankful that ODS were a part of the shared effort.”

Source: https://www.fleetnews.co.uk/news/environment/2019/11/28/oxford-trials-pop-up-ev-charge-points

Mitsubishi Electric has released the company’s smallest and most powerful compact programmable logic controller to date – the FX5UC series Premium Micro PLC.

The company says the new PLC’s diminutive size is set to help machine builders and manufacturers pack “ever more functionality into a smaller space”, while also providing the web access and network connectivity demanded by the latest smart factory applications.

Mitsubishi Electric launched its first range of micro controllers, the FX family of PLCs, over 35 years ago as part of the MELSEC-F series.

The high quality, compact size and cost competitiveness of control systems built around them established a precedent for creating new opportunities and revolutionised the industrial automation landscape and this still applies today.

Over the years, the FX product portfolio has expanded to deliver solutions to address different applications and requirements.

Now re-positioned as part of the high functioning MELSEC iQ-F series the new FX5UC model (the ‘C’ denotes compact) is engineered to handle the increasingly sophisticated data processing and communication tasks demanded by Smart Manufacturing applications.

More precisely, this tiny PLC now houses the same performance CPU as Mitsubishi Electric’s premium FX5U model in a product as small as a micro FX3S.

Multitasking is the future This super compact PLC features a program memory of 64,000 steps and a large device memory.

In addition, it has an execution speed of 34 ns, resulting in extremely fast machine responses and increased productivity.

Further, the FX5UC PLC can perform positioning and advanced motion control functions for up to four axes, eliminating the need for dedicated controllers that would increase hardware and maintenance costs, programming time and equipment footprint.

Additional built-in functions include tools to prevent data theft or tampering such as security key authentication, while allowing operators to access system status safely via the Web and interact with onboard features such as data logging.

Very noticeably, the CPU module is a quarter the size of a conventional one, therefore it can fit into smaller spaces, freeing-up valuable on-machine or production floor space usually occupied by larger more conventional control panels.

Other features also contribute to the space saving rationale such as incorporating built-in relay and transistor outputs, avoiding the need to install additional, spaceconsuming terminal blocks in many applications.

Automation system engineers and integrators can also benefit By incorporating flexibility and scalability, the FX5UC designers are looking to deliver an ideal solution for cost sensitive small machines as well as larger, networked multi-PLC systems.

Networking capabilities help manufacturers to develop more integrated automated applications, especially when using other Mitsubishi Electric automation solutions.

In this scenario complete manufacturing lines can be controlled, offering simpler system architectures and more transparent data management. On the other hand, open connectivity ensures compatibility with a wide choice of network options.

Many small details have been considered in the pursuit of increased user flexibility and ease of installation, the use of spring clamp terminals for example speeds-up wiring activities whilst ensuring reliable and vibrationresistant connections.

Since modules can be unlocked and moved together with their wires, maintenance and system change tasks are also made far easier.

Just when we though compact PLCs might have reached their zenith in terms of size and performance, Mitsubishi Electric’s FX5UC PLC seems to have broken the mould yet again, time to start redesigning those control panels and boxes.

Source: https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2019/11/29/mitsubishi-launches-smallest-most-compact-programmable-logic-controller/27052/

• The amendment follows advances in technology enabling a more practical solution for electric vehicle charging installations

The IET has announced a new amendment to BS 7671:2018 (IET Wiring Regulations 18th Edition). The national Wiring Regulations committee, JPEL/64, today agreed the publication of Amendment 1, which will consist of a stand-alone update to Section 722: Electric Vehicle Charging Installations.

The amendment, which is due to publish in early 2020, will be free to view on the IET website, and only form part of a consolidated new Regulations following the next major amendment to BS 7671, expected in 2022.

The amendment follows advances in technology that were not available when BS 7671:2018 published, enabling a more practical solution for the installation of charging points. Functionality built directly into charging equipment uses existing technology, but employed in a new way, allowing charging points to be deployed more widely than ever before.

The updated Section 722 will make installing charging points quicker and easier, and will reduce the cost of installations for both installers and consumers.

The UK government is investing £400 million to accelerate the roll-out of charging infrastructure to help meet its target of at least 50% of new car sales to be ultra-low emission by 2030*.

Mark Coles, Head of Technical Regulations at the IET, is proud of the way that JPEL/64 has been able to respond to the changes in technology. He explains: “JPEL/64 has been able to address a new opportunity for electric vehicle charging equipment that provides a practical, cost-saving solution benefiting industry, consumers and government alike, to help the UK lead the way in the roll-out of infrastructure to support the electric vehicle revolution.

“This update to the IET Wiring Regulations puts the electrical industry at the forefront of driving technological innovation to ensure the installation of practical, safe charging points that are accessible to all.

“By producing Amendment 1 to BS 7671:2018 as a stand-alone, free-to-view document, this updated Section 722 will reach industry much quicker than a full, consolidated amendment would allow, enabling installers to take advantage of BS 7671:2018+A1:2020 as soon as possible.”

Keep an eye on theiet.org/updates to for information on the Draft for Public Comment and publication information.

Proposed timeline

• 04 September 2019: Amendment 1 approved by JPEL/64
• October 2019: The Draft for Public Comment for Amendment 1 will be available for 60 days to allow industry to respond to the proposed changes (see theiet.org/updates for details)
• January 2020: Amendment 1 will publish as a free-to-view document on the IET website and come immediately into effect, eschewing the usual 6-month adjustment period to ensure industry can immediately take advantage of the changes

Source: https://electrical.theiet.org/wiring-matters/issues/77/iet-announces-new-amendment-to-bs-7671-iet-wiring-regulations/

The EU LIFE FRONT project’s new databases shed light on safe handling of hydrocarbons, helping to remove barriers to adoption.

Safety standards for A3 (flammable) refrigerants in refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump (RACHP) systems need to be adequately updated and improved to take into account technology innovation as well as new applications and data, said Dr. Daniel Colbourne, Engineer at German consulting firm HEAT GmbH and Lead Technical Expert of the LIFE FRONT project.

Colbourne made this observation on November 6 at the European Commission’s “Latest developments on refrigeration standards at international and European level” side event, held at the 31st Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP 31) in Rome. As part of this event, he shared some key results from LIFE FRONT during his “Evolution of safety standards for A3 refrigerants in RACHP systems” presentation.

The three-year LIFE FRONT project, launched in June 2017, aims to remove the barriers for flammable refrigerants such as propane (R290). It is funded by the LIFE Programme, the European Union’s funding instrument for the environment and climate action. shecco, publisher of this website, is coordinating the project and is in charge of communication.

In the LIFE FRONT databases, launched in October, flammable refrigerant risk parameters are shown and are based on the actual frequency of leaks, leak-hole sizes, and mass-flow rates seen in the marketplace. Both databases are considered input parameters for safety standards, determining, among other things, allowable refrigerant charge sizes and system design parameters.

“Correct determination of the hole size is essential for handling of flammable HC refrigerants,” said Colbourne during his presentation. “If it’s too small, you underestimate the potential hazard; too large and you over-engineer and over-price protective measures.”

The MOP 31 side event offered other presentation on key developments in the industry, including the approval this year of IEC 60335-2-89 for commercial refrigeration appliances, the ongoing revision of IEC standard 60335-2-40 in air conditioning, the Secretariat’s interactive online safety-standard tool, and the European Commission’s standardization request to develop technical specifications for the use of flammable refrigerants.

Source: http://www.r744.com/articles/9254/enex_launches_co2_chiller_for_commercial_hvac_and_process_cooling_applications

A campaign to raise public awareness of new safety regulations affecting all homes has been launched by SELECT, Scotland’s leading trade body for the electrical industry.

Under the new laws, every residence throughout the country must have an interlinked warning system for smoke, fire and carbon monoxide detection by 1 February 2021.

To help comply with the new regulations, SELECT has produced an eight-page brochure with clear step-by-step guidance on exactly what is required.

The brochure will be handed out by SELECT’s 1,250 members to homeowners, tenants and landlords. It identifies the types of alarms specified for use and exactly where they should – and shouldn’t – be installed around the home.

The guide, which has been developed in partnership with the alarm company Aico, also provides similar advice on carbon monoxide alarms, as well as giving an introduction to the Tolerable Standard and Repairing Standard.

Dave Forrester, head of technical services at SELECT, said: “Although consumers and landlords don’t need to comply with the new regulations until 2021, it is vital to raise awareness about exactly what needs to be done.

“This new support tool is designed to give an easy-to-follow overview of the changes, helping people across Scotland understand what they have to do and why. Our technical team are also happy to help with any further enquiries.”

Under the new regulations, it will be the property owner’s responsibility to meet the new standards. The minimum requirements are:

• one smoke alarm in the room most used for general daytime living
• one smoke alarm in every circulation space on each storey, such as hallways and landings
• one heat alarm in every kitchen, and
• carbon monoxide detectors wherever there are carbon-fuelled appliances such as boilers, fires, heaters and stoves.

Source: https://www.scottishconstructionnow.com/article/electrical-trade-body-raises-the-alarm-on-new-fire-and-smoke-detector-regulations

A new guide on how to work safely on vehicles where it is known or suspected that flammable refrigerants may be present is now available for free download.

The document is the result of a ground-breaking project between Refrigerant Reclaim Australia, automotive thermal and electrical trade association VASA and GHD Engineering, to study the management of health and safety risks associated with the use of flammable gases, including refrigerants, in an automotive workshop environment.

It covers topics including legal matters related to refrigerant classifications, dangerous goods, work health and safety, hazardous areas and working with flammable refrigerants, including what to do if a system contains a flammable refrigerant classified A3 (high flammability) or A2L (mild flammability).

Handling mixtures of non-flammable and flammable refrigerants is also covered.

At the end of the document are a workshop safety checklist and risk assessment worksheet to use when flammable refrigerants are encountered.

During the early research stage of this project, it became clear to GHD Engineering that it would have to conduct a series of world-first studies to establish the number of vehicles containing flammable refrigerant that can occupy a workshop and safe exclusion zones for venting and vacuum pumping of A3 and A2L refrigerants, or in a hose leak scenario.

The project could not have been completed without the assistance of Queensland-based VASA member workshops Gympie Auto Air, Mr Cool and SuperCool Southport.

VASA president, Ian Stangroome, said that since 2013, car manufacturers have been switching to more environmentally friendly A2L-rated mild-flammability refrigerants in new models that leave the factory with air-conditioning systems properly engineered to minimise any flammability-related risks.

“An issue that has emerged in recent years is the charging of A3-rated high-flammability refrigerants into existing automotive air-conditioning systems that were never designed to mitigate these elevated risks, in some cases without proper labelling,” he said.

“There has until now been no properly researched advice on the safest way to work with vehicles using flammable refrigerants – especially those which have been retrofitted – from a practical, OH&S and legal point of view.

“We are very proud to be publishing this rigorously researched safety guide for the benefit of all automotive technicians in Australia, who will at some point inevitably encounter a vehicle charged with flammable refrigerant.”

Download the guide at:

https://www.vasa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/flammables_guide_WEB.pdf

Source: https://www.climatecontrolnews.com.au/news/latest/world-first-study-leads-to-refrigerants-safety-guide

An undocumented access feature in some newer models of Siemens programmable logic controllers (PLCs) can be used as both a weapon by attackers as well as a forensic tool for defenders, researchers have discovered.

Researchers at Ruhr University Bochum in Germany stumbled across the hardware-based special access feature in Siemens’ S7-1200 PLCs while studying its bootloader, which, among other things, handles software updates and verifies the integrity of the PLC’s firmware when the device starts up.

They found that an attacker using the special access feature could bypass the bootloader’s firmware integrity check within a half-second window when the PLC starts up and load malicious code to wrest control of the PLC’s processes.

Just why the special access feature resides in the PLCs remains a mystery. There have been cases of embedded devices found harboring hidden maintenance ports left behind by vendors, for example, but the researchers were baffled by the existence of this one in the Siemens PLCs.

“We don’t know why [Siemens has] this functionality,” says Ali Abbasi, a research scholar at Ruhr-University Bochum, who, along with PhD student Tobias Scharnowski and professor Thorsten Holz, worked on the research. “Security-wise, it’s wrong to have such a thing because you can also read and write to memory and dump the content of memory from the RAM.”

The researchers shared their findings with Siemens, which says it’s working on a fix for the vulnerability.

“Siemens is aware of the research from Ruhr University Bochum concerning hardware-based special access in SIMATIC S7-1200 CPUs. Siemens experts are working on a solution to resolve the issue. Siemens plans to publish further information regarding the vulnerability with a security advisory,” the company said in a statement provided to Dark Reading. “Customers will be informed using the usual Siemens ProductCERT communication channels.”

A key question is whether the fix requires a hardware replacement rather than a software update. When asked whether the PLC fix would be a software or hardware update, Siemens said its “experts are evaluating the alternatives.”

But it turns out there is a silver lining with the Siemens PLC special access feature: “It’s also useful for people like us who protect these devices. It provides for memory forensics of the PLC,” Abbasi says.

The researchers were able to use the special access feature to view the content of the PLC memory, which means a plant operator could spot malicious code that may have been planted on his or her device. “Siemens doesn’t let you see the content of the [PLC] memory, but you can do that with this special access feature,” Abbasi says.

The researchers built a tool that performs this forensic memory dump, which they will release at Black Hat Europe next month in London when they will present their research findings

What They Did
The researchers were able to write their own code to the PLC’s flash chip via its firmware update feature without the bootloader’s checksum feature detecting it. The question, they say, is how to mitigate this type of attack since malicious code would be embedded into the flash memory of the bootloader.

“It really depends if Siemens can fix it via a software update or not. If they can with software, it also means the attacker can override the contents of the bootloader, which means there’s no way to fix it,” Abbasi says.

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That’s one reason the researchers wanted to release their tool for dumping contents of the firmware. “That then means an attacker can’t hide his existence” in the PLC, Abbasi says.

An attacker with physical access to the port, or by rigging the PLC while it’s being manufactured in the supply chain, could use this technique to read and write to the memory of the hardware. That would allow him or her to manipulate the operation of the PLC, providing phony measurements or other instrumentation data, for example.

“One of the main issues is there’s this notion of trust in a newly delivered PLC,” Scharnowski says.

He notes that it’s not the special access feature itself that allows you to read and write to the flash. “It’s a combination of features that if you put them together in a clever way, you can use them to get your own code execution on it,” Scharnowski says. “If you can do that, then you can control the PLC fully.”

Props for Siemens Security
The researchers say they chose to study Siemens’ PLCs because it’s one of the market leaders and also because there’s little known publicly about the PLC’s operating system, Adonis.

While many embedded systems today remain poorly secured, they say Siemens has done more with security than some other vendors.

“Honestly, if you compare them to other PLCs, they are doing very well. They keep adding features and security features that we have to bypass,” Abbasi says. “They are doing a lot of good things that place them ahead of others in the embedded security domain.”

Even so, the researchers maintain there’s a lot more work to do in protecting plant operators from attackers or supply chain corruption of their PLCs. If there’s a special feature like the one in Siemens PLCs, they say, the vendor should inform their customers. “Customers deserve to know so in their risk calculation they can consider this risk as well,” Abbasi says.

The Ruhr University Bochum team’s work is the latest in a string of PLC research projects. This summer another team of security researchers built a phony engineering workstation that was able to dupe and alter operations of the Siemens S7 programmable logic controller (PLC) after discovering that modern S7 PLC families running the same firmware also share the same public cryptographic key.

And in 2016, Abbasi, then a Ph.D. candidate at University of Twente, Netherlands, and Majid Hashemi, a system programmer and independent security researcher at the time of their research, created a PLC rootkit that could operate on any brand of PLC.

Source: https://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities—threats/siemens-plc-feature-can-be-exploited-for-evil—and-for-good/d/d-id/1336277

Earnings for self-employed electricians rose by 5.8% last month to hit the highest level on record, according to data released by payroll firm Hudson Contract.

IPAF has issued professional advice to help companies and individuals planning to use, demonstrate or display mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) at an exhibition, trade fair or other such event.

IPAF said, “These shows can present a challenging environment in which to operate a MEWP. Special consideration is required when displaying or demonstrating at such events. Risks are increased due to multiple exhibitors and MEWPs in close proximity in unfamiliar surroundings, movement of the public, and demonstrations to people who may be unfamiliar with working at height.”

The document is free to download on IAPF’s website, and includes the following information:

Safe operation

As with any worksite, the delivery, set-up and operation of the MEWP must follow safe-use guidelines:

• · Anyone moving or operating a MEWP is to have a valid PAL Card and be familiarised with the specific MEWP.
• · A ground rescue person is to be nominated and present whenever someone is elevated.
• · A rescue plan is required. This is to be practised before the opening of the event.
• · A risk assessment and ground evaluation are required for each event. This is to be stored on the stand.
• · The route for all MEWPs should be planned and inspected. This is to be included in the risk assessment.
• · A daily inspection including function tests should be performed on all MEWPs on the stand.
• · No children are allowed to be on an elevated MEWP or in the demonstration zone.

Delivery

Deliver MEWPs following IPAF’s Load/Unload recommendations. A contact person familiar with load and unload is to be nominated to liaise with delivery drivers and co-ordinate the delivery of the MEWPs.

Traffic management

Clear separation of pedestrians and moving MEWPs is required during delivery and setup. This is to include signage and barriers if there is a high volume of pedestrians or machines.

Setup and dismantling

Wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for setting-up the MEWP. Position each MEWP to minimise the risk of people bumping heads. Either position the platform and extending structure fully lowered, or above head height. Ensure all guard-rails (including lock pins) and entry gates are in position. Use spreader pads as required. Batteries are to be charged outside public opening hours, in a ventilated area.

Weather

In adverse weather conditions such as ice and snow, clear the platform and control position fully before operation. If visibility is reduced or in high winds, then discontinue operations.

During visitor open hours

Visitors and staff in the display area are to have suitable clothing and footwear (no open-toed shoes, no high heels) to minimize slips and trips. Visitors are not to be elevated until all loose objects, tools, phones etc. are secured.

Turn off and secure all MEWPs that are not being demonstrated. Each night lower all platforms. Equipment stored in the platform overnight may cause later problems, especially if mistakenly elevated the next morning. It is advised not to store objects or equipment in the platform.

Outdoor displays

Only MEWPs approved for use in wind (outdoor rated) are to be elevated in outdoor displays. Indoor-rated MEWPs can be positioned in the transport position. Monitor the wind speeds and lower all platforms if the wind increases above the MEWP limits, typically 12.5m/s. Flags can be securely fixed but must be free to fly. They cannot be tied at all points. Banners, either material or rigid, which are fixed at all sides are not to be used when the MEWP is elevated.

Prototypes and non-certified MEWPs

MEWPs are to be compliant with the local regulations. When prototypes and partly completed MEWPs are to be displayed, only authorised personnel who know the limitations and restrictions of the machine may operate the MEWPs. Adequate safety measures should be in place. This includes physical lockouts or stops to prevent operation outside of safe configurations. If within the European Union, there should be a visible sign that indicates the machine does not conform and is not available for operation. This is a requirement of the European Machinery Directive 2006/42/CE and is also recommended practice globally.

Demonstration zone (non-static display)

Permission is required from venue management to demonstrate the MEWP during the event. A designated demonstration zone is to be used with restricted public access. Owing to the risk of dropped objects this area should be clearly marked and monitored. Use a coordinator on the ground to supervise movements. This person needs to be present and available whenever there is movement of the MEWP. Take precautions when operating alongside neighbouring stands. Communicate with their ground coordinator.

The operator and ground coordinator are to wear high-visibility vests. Operate in the slowest speed unless in an area free of machines and obstructions. The chassis and platform to remain within the restricted area. Limit movement to one MEWP at a time. Elevated travel is only in the demonstration zone. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for operating the MEWP.

Authorised operators

A list of authorised operators and dedicated key locker should be kept on stand. These are to be available to staff at all times, but not the public. Personnel are not to carry keys around the exhibition.

Fall-protection equipment

All personnel in a boom-type MEWP platform are to wear and connect fall protection equipment, unless the platform is in the stowed position and the machine is powered off. At a minimum this is a full body harness and a short lanyard on 1b, 2b, 3b MEWPs. The lanyard is to be connected to the anchorage designated by the manufacturer. Note that on scissor lifts and vertical masts without jibs the guardrail system provides fall protection.

For more information, visit IPAF.

Source: https://www.khl.com/access-international/ipaf-publishes-guide-for-mewps-at-expos/137854.article